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Vascular cambium produces secondary xylem (toward the center of the stem or root) and phloem (toward the outside of the stem or root), adding growth to the diameter of the plant

7.4 Secondary Growth in Dicot Stem and Dicot root

Secondary meristems allow growth in diameter (secondary growth) in woody plants. Herbaceous plants do not have secondary growth. ... Cork cambium lies between the epidermis and the phloem, and replaces the epidermis of roots and stems with bark, one layer of which is cork.

answer:

secondary meristems allow growth in diameter Woody plants. vascular cambium produces secondary xylem and phloem adding growth to the diameter of plant

Explanation:

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answer:

Secondary meristems allow growth in diameter (secondary growth) in woody plants. ... Vascular cambium produces secondary xylem (toward the center of the stem or root) and phloem (toward the outside of the stem or root), adding growth to the diameter of the plant

Explanation:

Formation of cambium ring: The cambium of vascualr bundles becomes meristematic. ... It forms a strip of interfasciular cambium together with intrafasciular cambium to form a circular ring called cambium ring. This cambium ring forms secondary tissues in the stellar region.

Explanation:

he growth that results from cell division in the cambia or lateral meristems which causes the stems and roots to thicken is called secondary growth

This type of growth occurs due to the activity of the two lateral meristems- the cork cambium and vascular cambium.  

Secondary growth in dicots:-  

1) Formation of cambium ring:

The cambium of vascualr bundles becomes meristematic.

Some of the medullary ray cells lying at the level of cambium also become meristematic.

It forms a strip of interfasciular cambium together with intrafasciular cambium to form a circular ring called cambium ring.

This cambium ring forms secondary tissues in the stellar region.

The vascular cambium consists of two types of cells-  fusiform initials and ray initials.  

The fusiform initials are vertically oriented which divide to form the elements of xylem and phloem.

2) Formation of secondary vascular tissues:  

The cambium ring cuts off new cells, both on outer and inner sides,

The new cells formed on the outer side modify into the elements of secondary phloem.

The cells formed on the inner side modify into the secondary xylem.

3) Vascular rays:  

Ray initials of the cambium ring form narrow bands of parenchymatous cells.

These cells extend radially from the pith to the phloem.  

These are called secondary medullary rays or vascular rays.

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     In the dicot rooy, the vascular cambium is completely secondary in origin. It originates from the phloem bundles, a portion of pericycle tissue, above the protoxylem forming a complete and continuous wavy ring, which later becomes circular (see in file attached).

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Information about Secondary Growth-

• The need or the requirement of minerals and water in the plant is fulfilled by this.

• It gives strength to the roots in order to grow aerial parts.

• It is not found in the monocot plants.

• Mostly in this annual rings can't be seen due to no any change in the environment.

• Generally all the cambia and pith rays are secondary in the origin.

• In it cork is developed in the outside while secondary cortex is developed in the inner side.

• Generally the vascular cambium is wavy in the start up but it changes to circular due to the pressure of secondary xylem.

Most of the dicotyledonous roots show secondary growth in thickness, similar to that of dicotyledonous stems. However, the roots of extant vascular cryptogams and most monocotyledons do not show any secondary growth; they remain entirely primary throughout their life.

The secondary tissues developed in the dicotyledonous roots are fundamentally quite similar to that of dicotyledonous stems, but the process initiates in some different manner. Certain dicotyledonous roots do not show secondary growth. The secondary vascular tissues originate as a result of the cambial activity. The phellogen gives rise to the periderm.