laws of chemical combination for elements and compounds
chemistry is the study of the transformation of matter from one form to the other. these transformations often occur as a result of the combination of two different types of matter. the combination of different elements to form compounds is governed by certain basic rules. these rules are referred to as laws of chemical combination. there are five basic laws of chemical combination that govern the chemical combinations of elements:
1. law of conservation of mass
in simple terms, law states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. in other words, the total mass, that is, the sum of mass of reacting mixture and the products formed remains constant. antoine lavoisier gave law in the year 1789 based on the data he obtained after carefully studying numerous combustion reactions.
2. law of definite proportions
joseph proust, a french chemist stated that the proportion of elements by weight in a given compound will always remain exactly the same. in simple terms we can say that, irrespective of its source, origin or its quantity, the percent composition of elements by weight in a given compound will always remain the same.
3. law of multiple proportions
law states that if two elements combine to form more than one compound, the masses of these elements in the reaction are in the ratio of small whole numbers. law was given by dalton in the year 1803.
4. gay lussac’s law of gaseous volumes
in 1808, gay lussac gave law based on observations. law states that when gases are produced or combine in a chemical reaction, do so in simple ratio by volume given that all the gases are at same temperature and pressure. law can be considered as another form of law of definite proportions. the only difference between these two laws of chemical combination is that gay lussac’s law is stated with respect to volume law of definite proportions is stated with respect to mass.
5. avogadro’s law
avogadro proposed law in the year 1811. it stated that under same conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volume of all the gases contain equal number of molecules. implies that 2 litres of hydrogen will have the same number of molecules as 2 litres of oxygen given that both the gases are at same temperature and pressure.
the laws of chemical combination discussed above form the base for quantitative study of chemical reactions. join byju’s to learn more about the laws of chemical combination in the most simplified ways.
