41. (a) 23 1/2 ° S
42. (b) 180
43. (c) Equator
44. Dear user,
the option (d) you have posted are wrong,
it should be '4 hours and 30 min'
∴ (d) 4 hours and 30 min.
45. (b) Rotation
46. (a) 21 March
47. (a) Australia
48. (c) Mountains
49. (b) Compass
50. (d) Both (a) and (b)
51. The Standard Meridian of India is (82°30'E).
52. The 0° Meridian is also known as a line of longitude.
53. The distance between the longitudes decreases towards poles.
54. The sun’s rays fall vertically at the Tropic of Capricorn on 22nd December.
55. Maps are more informative than a small scale map.
56. FALSE.
57. TRUE.
58. TRUE.
59. FALSE.
60. TRUE.
II. answer the following questions in detail.
1.) i] Why were metals, writing, the wheel and the plough important for the Harappans?
⇒ Metals, writing, the wheel and the plough were important for the Harappans in many ways. Metals were used for making various tools, utensils, jewelry and seals. Writing was useful for maintaining the records; related to trade and for various other purposes. The wheel was used in carts to ferry people and goods.
1.) ii] Describe the drains of the earliest cities.
⇒ In cities related with the Harappan civilisation, each drain had a gentle slope so that water could flow through it. Very often, drains in houses were connected to those in streets and smaller drains led to bigger ones. As the drains were covered, inspection holes were provided at intervals to clean them.
2.) i] What provisions have been made in the constitution to prevent inequality and discrimination.
⇒ The principle of gender equality is enshrined in the Indian Constitution in its Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles. The Constitution not only grants equality to women, but also empowers the State to adopt measures of positive discrimination in favour of women.
2.) ii] What do you understand by the word ‘government’? List three ways in which you think the government affects the life of common people.
⇒ Government is the mechanism or groups which governs or implements Decisions in an organised manner formed under certain rules.
Five ways in which government affects our daily life are:
It protects the boundaries of the country and maintains peacefulness with other countries.
It takes action on many social issues
It ensures welfare of the citizens and provide them hospitals.
It ensures that food and water is being supplied to people.
It helps in running postal and railway services.#follow......❤️